Theory of Machine
The maximum fluctuation of speed is the

Variations of speed above and below the mean resisting torque line
Difference of the maximum and minimum speeds
Sum of maximum and minimum speeds
Difference of minimum fluctuation of speed and the mean speed

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Theory of Machine
For an isochronous Hartnell governor (where r₁ and r₂ = Maximum and minimum radius of rotation of balls respectively, S₁ and S₂ = Maximum and minimum force exerted on the sleeve respectively, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

S₁/S₂ = r₁/r₂
S₂/S₁ = r₁/r₂
(m.g - S₁)/(m.g - S₂) = r₂/r₁
(m.g + S₁)/(m.g + S₂) = r₁/r₂

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Theory of Machine
Crowning on pulleys helps

In increasing velocity ratio
In decreasing the slip of the belt
Increase belt and pulley life
For automatic adjustment of belt position so that belt runs centrally

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