Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The magnitude of water hammer depends upon the

All of these
Elastic properties of the pipe material
Speed at which the valve is closed
Elastic properties of the liquid flowing through the pipe

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP