Electrical Machines
The magnetic field which initially induces emf in the armature in a self excited DC generator is because of

None of these
  residual magnetism.
 armature reaction.
  permanent magnets.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing of DC generator means

  increasing flux density by providing extra ampere-turns in field.
  creation of residual magnetism by a DC source.
None of these
 neutralization of residual magnetism.

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