Electrical Machines
The magnetic field which initially induces emf in the armature in a self excited DC generator is because of

 armature reaction.
  permanent magnets.
None of these
  residual magnetism.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.

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