Electrical Machines
The magnetic field which initially induces emf in the armature in a self excited DC generator is because of

 armature reaction.
  residual magnetism.
  permanent magnets.
None of these

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Electrical Machines
Armature reaction in a DC machine

  makes an angle of 90° with the main pole axis.
 is in the same direction as the main poles.
 is in direct opposition to the main poles.
 makes an angle with the main pole axis which is load dependent.

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