RCC Structures Design
The load stress of a section can be reduced by

Increasing the total perimeter of bars
Decreasing the lever arm
Replacing larger bars by greater number of small bars
Replacing smaller bars by greater number of greater bars

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RCC Structures Design
Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than

42 diameters from the inner edge of the column
42 diameters from the outer edge of the column
42 diameters from the centre of the column
24 diameters from the centre of the column

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