Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly contracted to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden contraction, assuming coefficient of contraction as 0.62, is

v₁²/2g
0.375 v₂²/2g
v₂²/2g
0.5 v₁²/2g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To transport water to downstream
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To prevent air to enter the turbine
To run the turbine full

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