Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The length AB of a pipe ABC in which the liquid is flowing has diameter (d1) and is suddenly contracted to diameter (d2) at B which is constant for the length BC. The loss of head due to sudden contraction, assuming coefficient of contraction as 0.62, is

0.5 v₁²/2g
0.375 v₂²/2g
v₂²/2g
v₁²/2g

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an outward flow reaction turbine

The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel

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