Surveying
The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the zenith distance of a star from its declination, the observed star was between

Equator and zenith
Zenith and pole
Pole and horizon
Horizon and equator

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

None of these
determine the effect of local attraction
a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error
an open traverse for graphical adjustment

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Surveying
If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated

on its outer spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and graduated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its outer spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and gra-duated scale of lower plate

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