Process Control and Instrumentation
The Laplace transform of exp(at), where a > 0, is defined only for the Laplace parameter, s > a since

The function exp(at) is piece-wise continuous only for s > a
The function is exponential
The Laplace transform of integral of exp(at) has finite values only for s > a
The Laplace transform integral of exp(at) has initial values only for s > a

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Process Control and Instrumentation
The characteristic equation for the control system with a closed loop transfer function G₁/1 + G₂ is given by 1 + G₂ = 0. The characteristic equation for the control system

Is the same for set point or load changes
Determines its stability
Depends only upon the open loop transfer function
All of these

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