Workshop Technology
The purpose of a gate is to

Delivers molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Delivers molten metal into the mould cavity

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Workshop Technology
Piercing is an operation of cutting

A flat sheet to the desired shape
A cylindrical hole in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die
A number of holes evenly spaced in a regular pattern on a sheet of metal
A hole (other than cylindrical) in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die

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Workshop Technology
During hot working of metals

Grain structure of the metal is refined
Mechanical properties are improved due to refinement of grains
Porosity of the metal is largely eliminated
All of the listed here

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