Workshop Technology
The metal is subjected to mechanical working for

Reducing original block into desired shape
Refining grain size
Controlling the direction of flow lines
All of these

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Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting

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Workshop Technology
Rotary swaging

Is used for reducing the diameters of round bars and a tube by rotating dies which open and close rapidly on the work
Is used to improve fatigue resistance of the metal by setting up compressive stresses in its surface
Is extensively used for making bolts and rivets
Consists of pressing the metal inside a chamber to force it out by high pressure through an orifice which is shaped to provide the desired form of the finished part

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