Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
The C.O.P. of an absorption type refrigerator is given by (where T₁ = Temperature at which the working substance receives heat, T₂ = Temperature of cooling water, and T₃ = Evaporator temperature)

[T₃ (T₂ - T₃)] / [T₁ (T₁ - T₂)]
[T₁ (T₂ - T₃)] / [T₃ (T₁ - T₂)]
[T₁ (T₁ - T₂)] / [T₃ (T₂ - T₃)]
[T₃ (T₁ - T₂)]/ [T₁ (T₂ - T₃)]

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a throttle valve is used in place of an expander because

It improves the C.O.P., as the condenser is small
It considerably reduces mass of the system
It leads to significant cost reduction
The positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small

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