Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

There is excessive leakage in the pipe
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a forced vortex motion, the velocity of flow is

inversely proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
inversely proportional to its radial distance from the axis of rotation
directly proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
directly proportional to its radial distance from axis of rotation

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Stanton diagram is a

log-log plot of relative roughness against Reynolds number
semi-log plot of friction factor against relative roughness
semi-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number
log-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A floating body is said to be in a state of stable equilibrium

when the metacentre is above the centre of gravity
when its metacentric height is zero
when the metacentre is below the centre of gravity
only when its centre of gravity is below its centre of buoyancy

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