Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve
The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
There is excessive leakage in the pipe

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Cavitation will begin when

flow is increased
pressure is increased
the pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid
pressure becomes more than critical pressure

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