Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The force exerted by a jet of water (in a direction normal to flow) impinging on a fixed plate inclined at an angle θ with the jet is

(waV²/g) × sin θ
(waV²/2g) × sin 2θ
(waV/2g) × sin θ
(waV/g) × sin θ

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hydraulic efficiency of a reaction turbine, is the ratio of

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
None of these
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel

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