Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The force exerted by a jet of water (in a direction normal to flow) impinging on a fixed plate inclined at an angle θ with the jet is

(waV/g) × sin θ
(waV²/2g) × sin 2θ
(waV²/g) × sin θ
(waV/2g) × sin θ

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

All of these
To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
To eliminate water hammer possibilities
To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water

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