Heat and Mass Transfer
The expression Q = ρ AT4 is called

Joseph-Stefan equation
Fourier equation
Newton Reichmann equation
Stefan-Boltzmann equation

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Heat and Mass Transfer
In counter flow heat exchangers

Both the fluids at inlet are in their hottest state
Both the fluids at exit are in their hottest state
Both the fluids at inlet (of heat exchanger where hot fluid enters) are in their coldest state
One fluid is in hottest state and other in coldest state at inlet

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be lined with two layers of insulating materials of different thermal conductivities. For the minimum heat transfer,

One could place either insulation on either side
One should take into account the steam temperature before deciding as to which insulation is put where
The better insulation must be put inside
The better insulation must be put outside

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