Theory of Machine
The essential condition of placing the two masses, so that the system becomes dynamically equivalent, is (where l₁ and l₂ = Distance of two masses from the centre of gravity of the body, and kG = Radius of gyration of the body)

l₁l₂ = kG²
l₁ = kG
l₂ = kG
l₁l₂ = kG

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ

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