Theory of Machine
The essential condition of placing the two masses, so that the system becomes dynamically equivalent, is (where l₁ and l₂ = Distance of two masses from the centre of gravity of the body, and kG = Radius of gyration of the body)

l₂ = kG
l₁ = kG
l₁l₂ = kG
l₁l₂ = kG²

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l₁ + l₂ + l₃
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³

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