Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The efficiency of a hydraulic press is given by (where W = Weight lifted by ram, P = Force applied on plunger, A = Area of ram, and a = Area of plunger)

(W/p) × (a/A)
(W/p) × (A/a)
(p/W) × (A/a)
(p/W) × (a/A)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Stanton diagram is a

semi-log plot of friction factor against relative roughness
semi-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number
log-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number
log-log plot of relative roughness against Reynolds number

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