Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A vertical wall is subjected to a pressure due to one kind of liquid, on one of its sides. Which of the following statement is correct?

The pressure on the bottom of the wall is zero
The pressure on the bottom of the wall is maximum
The pressure on the wall at the liquid level is minimum
The pressure on the wall at the liquid level is zero, and on the bottom of the wall is maximum

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow in a pipe or channel is said to be non-uniform when

Each liquid particle has a definite path
The quantity of liquid flowing per second is constant
The liquid particles at different sections have different velocities
The liquid particles at all sections have the same velocities

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