Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The function of guide vanes in a reaction turbine is to

Allow the water to flow over them, without forming eddies
Allow the required quantity of water to enter the turbine
All of the listed here
Allow the water to enter the runner without shock

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Meta-centric height is given as the distance between

The center of gravity of the body and the metacenter
The center of gravity of the body and the center of buoyancy
The center of gravity of the body and the center of pressure
Center of buoyancy and metacenter

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a forced vortex motion, the velocity of flow is

directly proportional to its radial distance from axis of rotation
inversely proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
directly proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation
inversely proportional to its radial distance from the axis of rotation

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