Recombinant DNA
The deliberate modifications of an organism's genetic information by directly changing its nucleic acid content is a subject matter of

genetic engineering
population genetics
protein engineering
microbiology

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Recombinant DNA
Bacterial cells protect their own DNA from degradation by restriction endonucleases by

methylating the DNA at the sites that the enzyme recognizes
having anti restriction endonucleases
deleting all recognition sites from the genome
not producing any restriction endonucleases

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