Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

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