Surveying
The correction applied to the measured base of length ‘L’ is

All of these
Tension = (P - Ps)L/AE
Sag = L³w²/24P² where w is the weight of tape/m
Slope = (h²/2L) + (h⁴/8L³) where h is height difference of end supports

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Surveying
Circumpolar stars

Are seldom seen near the pole star
Rotate round the North Pole
Rotate round the celestial pole
Remain always above the horizon

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