Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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