Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The center of pressure of a surface subjected to fluid pressure is the point

on the surface at which resultant pres-sure acts
at which all hydraulic forces meet
on the surface at which gravitational force acis
similar to metacentre

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an outward flow reaction turbine

The water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Stanton diagram is a

semi-log plot of friction factor against relative roughness
log-log plot of relative roughness against Reynolds number
semi-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number
log-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number

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