Machine Design
The buckling load will be maximum for a column, if

Both ends of the column are hinged
One end of the column is clamped and the other end is free
Both ends of the column are clamped
One end of the column is hinged and the other end is free

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch

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