Machine Design
The buckling load will be maximum for a column, if

Both ends of the column are hinged
Both ends of the column are clamped
One end of the column is clamped and the other end is free
One end of the column is hinged and the other end is free

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Machine Design
The designation M 33 × 2 of a bolt means

Metric threads of 33 numbers in 2 cm
Metric threads of 33 mm outside diameter and 2 mm pitch
Metric threads with cross-section of 33 mm
Bolt of 33 mm nominal diameter having 2 threads per cm

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