Machine Design
The buckling load will be maximum for a column, if

One end of the column is clamped and the other end is free
Both ends of the column are hinged
Both ends of the column are clamped
One end of the column is hinged and the other end is free

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Machine Design
A tap bolt

Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has pointed threads
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has both the ends threaded

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