Electrical Machines
The factors that are responsible for decrease in terminal voltage of a shunt generator are

  reduction in field current, effect of armature reaction, armature.
  armature resistance, effect of armature reaction.
 armature resistance, effect of armature reaction.
 armature resistance, inter poles, armature.

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Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.
 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.
  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.

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