Surveying
The altitudes of a circumpolar star at culminations are 70° and 10°, both culminations being north of zenith. The latitude of the place, is

40°
80°
70°
60°

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Surveying
If the lower clamp screw is tightened and upper clamp screw is loosened, the theodolite may be rotated

on its outer spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and gra-duated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle without a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its inner spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and the graduated scale of lower plate
on its outer spindle with a relative motion between the vernier and graduated scale of lower plate

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
None of these
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation

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