Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties

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