Engineering Thermodynamics
The air standard efficiency of an Otto cycle is given by (where r = Compression ratio, and γ = Ratio of specific heats)

1 - rγ - 1
1 + (1/ rγ - 1)
1 + rγ - 1
1 - (1/ rγ - 1)

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The mass of flue gas per kg of fuel is the ratio of the

Mass of carbon in 1 kg of flue gas to the mass of carbon in 1 kg of fuel
Mass of oxygen in 1 kg of flue gas to the mass of oxygen in 1 kg of fuel
Mass of oxygen in 1 kg of fuel to the mass of oxygen in 1 kg of flue gas
Mass of carbon in 1 kg of fuel to the mass of carbon in 1 kg of flue gas

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