Automobile Engineering in ME
The advantage of having a tandem master cylinder arrangement in automobiles is that it

Supplies equal fluid pressure to each line of a divided line brake circuit, thereby preventing the brakes from dragging on one side
Enhances safety by activating the brakes using vacuum pressure in the event of brake fluid loss
Boosts the brake fluid pressure to reduce the force required to depress the brake pedal
Enhances safety by serving two independent lines in a divided line brake circuit

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The function of a second ring is that it is a

Compression ring and aids the top ring in sealing and cooling
Cushion ring which prevents piston slap and knock
Back up oil control ring which will work in place of the bottom ring when it is broken
Back up compression ring which will work in place of the top ring when it is broken

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