Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The absolute pressure is equal to

Gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure - gauge pressure
Gauge pressure - vacuum pressure
Gauge pressure - atmospheric pressure

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In case of flow through parallel pipes,

The head loss for all the pipes is same
The total discharge is equal to the sum of discharges in the various pipes
Both (A) and (B)
The total head loss is the sum of head losses in the various pipes

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe of diameter d1, d2 and d3 having lengths l1, l2 and l3 is to be replaced by an equivalent pipe of uniform diameter d and of the same length (l) as that of the compound pipe. The size of the equivalent pipe is given by

l/d² = (l₁/d₁²) + (l₂/d₂²) + (l₃/d₃²)
l/d⁴ = (l₁/d₁⁴) + (l₂/d₂⁴) + (l₃/d₃⁴)
l/d⁵ = (l₁/d₁⁵) + (l₂/d₂⁵) + (l₃/d₃⁵)
l/d³ = (l₁/d₁³) + (l₂/d₂³) + (l₃/d₃³)

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