Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe is required to be replaced by a new pipe. The two pipes are said to be equivalent, if

Diameter of both the pipes is same
Length of both the pipes is same
Loss of head and velocity of flow in both the pipes is same
Loss of head and discharge of both the pipes is same

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

all of fhe above
simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of

Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
None of these
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity

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