Machine Design
Tearing resistance required to tear off the plate per pitch length is (where p = Pitch of rivets, d = Dia. of rivet hole, and σt = Permissible tensile stress for plate material)

p.d.σt
p.t.σt
(p - d) t.σt

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of boiler shell (t) is greater than 8 mm, then the diameter of rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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