Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Concentrate heat sensitive materials

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Heat Transfer
Fouling factor

Accounts for additional resistances to heat flow
Is a dimensionless quantity
None of these
Does not provide a safety factor for design

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