Refractory Technology
Spalling of a refractory means its

Resistancce to compressive loads
Softening
Resistance to chemical action of gases and molten fluxes
Fracture due to uneven expansion at high temperature

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Refractory Technology
Quartz is

Transformed to crystoballite on heating above 1470°C
Converted to tridymite on firing between 870 to 1470°C
Stable form of silica upto 870°C
All of these

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