Refractory Technology
Porosity is induced in insulating refractories by adding

Powdered naphthalene
All of these
Ammonium chloride/sulphate
Calcium phosphate

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Refractory Technology
Addition of grog in fireclay brick during its manufacture is advantageous, because it results in

All of these
Less shrinkage in heating, decreased apparent porosity & increased specific gravity
Less addition of water to get a workable plasticity & lesser time required for drying the raw refractories and hence increased rate of production
High strength & thermal spalling resistance

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