Heat Transfer
Solid angle subtended by the finite surface at the radiating element is

expressed in terms of radians
called the angle of vision
called the view factor.
proportional to the square of the distance between surfaces

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Heat Transfer
1000 Kg of liquid at 30°C in a well stirred vessel has to be heated to 120°C, using immersed coils carrying condensing steam at 150°C. The area of the steam coils is 1.2 m² and the overall heat transfer co-efficient to the liquid is 1500 W/m².°C. Assuming negligible heat loss to the surrounding and specific heat capacity of the liquid to be 4 kJ/kg.°C, the time taken for the liquid to reach desired temperature will be

15 min
44 min
51 min
22 min

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