Heat Transfer
Solid angle subtended by the finite surface at the radiating element is

called the angle of vision
called the view factor.
expressed in terms of radians
proportional to the square of the distance between surfaces

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Heat Transfer
In a gas-liquid shell and tube heat exchanger, the

All of these
Gases under high pressure are routed through the tube side, because high pressure gases are corrosive in nature
Presence of a non-condensible gas decreases the condensing film co-efficient
Gases to be heated/cooled is normally routed through the shell side, because the corrosion caused by the cooling water or steam condensate remain localised to the tubes

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