Allosteric Effects
Small molecules affect hemoglobin (Hb) by

decreasing Hb affinity for O2
increasing [H+] and decreasing Hb affinity for O2
increasing Hb affinity for O2
increasing [H+]

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Allosteric Effects
O2 binding to hemoglobin results in

extensive protein conformational change
both (a) and (b)
100-fold higher affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first
100-fold lower affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first

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Allosteric Effects
Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) cannot bind to the oxygenated R state of hemoglobin because

its binding pocket becomes too small to accommodate BPG
it is displaced from the heme by movement of the proximal histidine
BPG binds to the R state with the same affinity as the T state
it is displaced from the heme by oxygen

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