Allosteric Effects
Small molecules affect hemoglobin (Hb) by

increasing [H+]
increasing Hb affinity for O2
increasing [H+] and decreasing Hb affinity for O2
decreasing Hb affinity for O2

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Allosteric Effects
O2 binding to hemoglobin results in

extensive protein conformational change
both (a) and (b)
100-fold lower affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first
100-fold higher affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first

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Allosteric Effects
The conformational changes from the T to the R state is initiated by

movement of the proximal histidine towards the heme
binding of oxygen to the heme
movement of the F-helix, which contains the proximal His
reorganization of protein-protein contacts between the individual subunits

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