Allosteric Effects
The specificity of a ligand binding site on a protein is based on

the absence of competing ligands
the opposite chirality of the binding ligand
the amino acid residues lining the binding site
the presence of hydrating water molecules

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Allosteric Effects
The conformational changes from the T to the R state is initiated by

reorganization of protein-protein contacts between the individual subunits
binding of oxygen to the heme
movement of the F-helix, which contains the proximal His
movement of the proximal histidine towards the heme

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Allosteric Effects
O2 binding to hemoglobin results in

both (a) and (b)
100-fold higher affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first
extensive protein conformational change
100-fold lower affinity for the last O2 bound than for the first

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