Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Slip of a reciprocating pump is negative, when

Suction pipe is short and delivery pipe is long and the pump is running at low speeds
Suction pipe is short and pump is running at low speeds
Delivery pipe is long and pump is running at high speeds
Suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short and the pump is running at high speeds

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha = Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water due to velocity of approach)

(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H15/2 - Ha5/2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H12 - Ha2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H1 - Ha]

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