Workshop Technology
Shift is a casting defect which

Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Results in general enlargement of a casting

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Workshop Technology
Extrusion

Is used for reducing the diameter of round bars and tubes by rotating dies which open and close rapidly on the work
Is used to improve fatigue resistance of the metal by setting up compressive stresses in its surface
Is extensively used for making bolts and nuts
Consists of pressing the metal inside a chamber to force it out by high pressure through an orifice which is shaped to provide the desired form of the finished part

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