Workshop Technology
Shift is a casting defect which

Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting

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Workshop Technology
Notching is the operation of

Cutting a sheet of metal in a straight line along the length
Bending a sheet of metal along a curved axis
Removal of metal to the desired shape from the edge of a plate
Cutting a sheet of metal through part of its length and then bending the cut portion

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