Workshop Technology
Shift is a casting defect which

Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting

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Workshop Technology
The diaphragm moulding machine is used to

Ram the sand harder at the pattern face with decreasing hardness towards the back of the mould
Produce uniform packing of sand in the mould
Ram the sand harder at the back of the mould and softer on the pattern face
Give uniform sand hardness throughout the mould

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Workshop Technology
Notching is the operation of

Removal of metal to the desired shape from the edge of a plate
Cutting a sheet of metal in a straight line along the length
Cutting a sheet of metal through part of its length and then bending the cut portion
Bending a sheet of metal along a curved axis

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