After the death of Ali Adil Shah II in 1672 CE, Sikandar Adil Shah was placed on the throne of Bijapur in 1672 at four years of age. This weakened the kingdom and was ultimately annexed by Emperor Aurangzeb in 1686 CE.
Madhav Rao defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad and also compelled Haidar Ali of Mysore to pay tribute. He reasserted control over northern India by defeating the Rohillas and also subjugated the Rajput state and Jat chiefs.
Mughal Emperor Babur’s daughter, Gulbadan Banu Begum wrote an account of her brother’s life, the Ahval-i HumayunBadshah or the Humayun Nama. The work throws light a feminist perspective and also raises questions on the genre of history writing.