Mass Transfer
Plate efficiency

Is a function of the mass transfer between liquid and vapour
Increases due to liquid entrainment
Increases due to foaming
Increases due to weeping and dumping of liquid

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Mass Transfer
If the solubilities of different components (in a liquid-liquid extraction system) increase with rise in temperature, then the temperature above which they dissolve completely is known as the critical solution temperature (CST or consolute temperature). If solubilities increase with decrease in temperature, then CST is the temperature below which they dissolve completely. If a binary system has no critical solution temperature, it implies that

On heating, a vapor phase will appear ; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear
The system comprises of miscible liquids
The system comprises of partially mis-cible liquids
The system comprises of an azeotrope

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Mass Transfer
Priming in a distillation column

Reduces the overall pressure drop
Is desirable from point efficiency consideration
Is characterised by the presence of foam throughout the space between trays
Results from very low gas velocity

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