Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
On the pressure-enthalpy diagram, condensation and desuperheating is represented by a horizontal line because the process

Takes place at constant temperature
Takes place at constant entropy
Involves no change in volume
Takes place at constant pressure

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a throttle valve is used in place of an expander because

It improves the C.O.P., as the condenser is small
It leads to significant cost reduction
The positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small
It considerably reduces mass of the system

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Environmental protection agencies advice against the use of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants since

These react with plants and cause greenhouse effect
These react with oxygen and cause its depletion
These react with water vapour and cause acid rain
These react with ozone layer

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