Electrical Machines
In a DC machine

 emf in armature conductors and at the terminals is alternating.
 current and emf in armature are alternating.
 current and emf at the terminals are alternating.
 current and emf in armature are unidirectional

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  neutralising residual magnetism.
  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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Electrical Machines
Compensating windings are used in DC generators

  to neutralize the cross magnetizing effect of the armature reaction.
  mainly to reduce the eddy currents by providing local short circuit.
  to provide path for the circulation of cooling air.
None of these

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