Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when driven without any excitation, showed an open circuit voltage of 12 V. When the field winding was excited, the voltage dropped to zero. It happened because

 field winding was wrongly connected
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance
 there was no residual magnetism in the field circuit
 there was a break in the armature circuit

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Electrical Machines
The armature mmf of a DC machine has

  triangular space distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
 stepped distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  trapezoidal space distribution and is stationary in space.
  triangular space distribution and is stationary in space.

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Electrical Machines
When the supply terminal of a DC shunt motor are interchanged

 The direction of rotation will reverse.
 The motor will stop.
 The motor will run much faster in the same direction.
  The motor will run at its normal speed in the same direction as before.

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