Engineering Materials
Malleable cast iron

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal

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Engineering Materials
Carbon steel is

An alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur
Extensively used for making cutting tools
Made by adding carbon in steel
Refined from cast iron

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Engineering Materials
Free carbon in iron makes the metal

Soft and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

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