Mass Transfer
Make up water is required in a cooling tower to replace the water lost by

Blowdown and leakage
Drift
Evaporation
All of these

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Mass Transfer
Use of raschig rings in place of crushed stones as packing in packed beds (other things being same)

Decreases pressure drop, decreases surface area
Decreases pressure drop, increases surface area
Increases pressure drop, increases surface area
Increases pressure drop, decreases surface area

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Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux

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Mass Transfer
An example of elutioh is

Recovery of vegetable oils from seeds
Separation of uranium oxide from its ore by H₂SO₄ in a Pachuca tank
Separation of sugar from sugar beet by hot water
Dissolution of tannin out of tree barks by water

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