Automobile Engineering in ME
It is necessary to maintain the valve clearances as they

Increase the speed at which the valves move up and down
Make the crankshaft turn smoothly
Reduce the resistance to sliding that occurs between the cam and the tappet
Allow for lengthening of the valves owing to the heat of combustion

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The function of a proportioning control valve (PCV) in a brake system is to

Cause less brake fluid pressure to act on the front brakes than on the rear brakes when the fluid pressure exceeds a predetermined level
Ensure that equal pressure is supplied to the front and rear brakes throughout every braking operation
Cause less brake fluid pressure to act on the rear brakes than on the front brakes when the fluid pressure exceeds a predetermined level
Reduce the brake fluid pressure when the brakes approach their lockup point

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The function of oil control rings is that it

Keeps the cylinder wall lubricated by holding oil in its channel
Prevents engine oil from going into the combustion chamber and returns excess lubricating oil off the cylinder wall through the return holes in the piston to the oil pan
Maintains a seal and prevents escape of burned gases and oil leakage
Lubricates the cylinder wall by releasing oil from its hole

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The basic purpose of a four wheel drive (4WD) system is that it

Ensures that effective braking can be performed, even on slippery surfaces
Eliminates the need of snow tyres, tyre chains, etc.
Delivers improved cornering on dry road surfaces
Ensures effective transmission of engine torque to all four wheels, even on slippery road surfaces

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