Soil Mechanics and Foundation
In the triaxial compression test, the application of additional axial stress (i.e. deviator stress) on the soil specimen produces shear stress on

both horizontal and vertical planes
horizontal plane only
vertical plane only
all planes except horizontal and vertical planes

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane

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