Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A retaining wall 6m high supports a backfill with a surcharge angle of 10°. The back of the wall is inclined to the vertical at a positive batter angle of 5°. If the angle of wall friction is 7°, then the resultant active earth pressure will act at a distance of 2 m above the base and inclined to the horizontal at an angle of

10°
12°
17°

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Within the consolidation process of a saturated clay

a gradual decrease in neutral pressure and a gradual increase in effective pressure takes place and sum of the two is constant
both neutral pressure and effective pressure decrease
a gradual increase in neutral pressure and a gradual decrease in effective pressure takes place and sum of the two is constant
both neutral pressure and effective pressure increase

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