Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A retaining wall 6m high supports a backfill with a surcharge angle of 10°. The back of the wall is inclined to the vertical at a positive batter angle of 5°. If the angle of wall friction is 7°, then the resultant active earth pressure will act at a distance of 2 m above the base and inclined to the horizontal at an angle of

17°
12°
7°
10°

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Within the consolidation process of a saturated clay

both neutral pressure and effective pressure decrease
a gradual decrease in neutral pressure and a gradual increase in effective pressure takes place and sum of the two is constant
a gradual increase in neutral pressure and a gradual decrease in effective pressure takes place and sum of the two is constant
both neutral pressure and effective pressure increase

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress on soil

Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability
Decreases both voids ratio and permeability
Increases both voids ratio and permeability
Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability

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