Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A retaining wall 6m high supports a backfill with a surcharge angle of 10°. The back of the wall is inclined to the vertical at a positive batter angle of 5°. If the angle of wall friction is 7°, then the resultant active earth pressure will act at a distance of 2 m above the base and inclined to the horizontal at an angle of

12°
10°
17°
7°

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress on soil

Decreases both voids ratio and permeability
Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability
Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability
Increases both voids ratio and permeability

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The ultimate consolidation settlement of a structure resting on a soil

Increases with the increase in the initial voids ratio
Increases with the decrease in the porosity of the soil
Decreases with the decrease in the plastic limit
Decreases with the increase in the initial voids ratio

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