Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A retaining wall 6m high supports a backfill with a surcharge angle of 10°. The back of the wall is inclined to the vertical at a positive batter angle of 5°. If the angle of wall friction is 7°, then the resultant active earth pressure will act at a distance of 2 m above the base and inclined to the horizontal at an angle of

12°
17°
10°

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium

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