Machine Design
In the calculation of induced shear stress in helical springs, the Wahl's stress factor is used to take care of

Combined effect of bending stress and curvature of the wire
Combined effect of torsional shear stress and transverse shear stress in the wire
Combined effect of transverse shear stress and bending stress in the wire
Combined effect of transverse shear stress and curvature of wire

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Machine Design
The plasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Resist fracture due to high impact loads
Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force
Retain deformation produced under load permanently
Regain its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed

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