Machine Design
In the calculation of induced shear stress in helical springs, the Wahl's stress factor is used to take care of

Combined effect of transverse shear stress and curvature of wire
Combined effect of transverse shear stress and bending stress in the wire
Combined effect of bending stress and curvature of the wire
Combined effect of torsional shear stress and transverse shear stress in the wire

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Machine Design
Crowning on pulley helps

In increasing the slip of the belt
To increase pulley life
In decreasing the slip of the belt
To keep the belt in centre on a pulley while it is in motion

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