Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In open channels, the specific energy is the

Total energy per unit discharge
Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Total energy measured above the horizontal datum

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel

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