Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In open channels, the specific energy is the

Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Total energy measured above the horizontal datum
Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
Total energy per unit discharge

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)

Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H21/2 - H11/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H2 - H1)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H22 - H12)

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